Background: Cutaneous warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are often resistant to conventional destructive therapies. Intralesional immunotherapy has emerged as a novel treatment modality that stimulates the host immune system to clear both local and distant lesions

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional Vitamin D3 and MMR vaccine in the treatment of cutaneous warts.

Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted at SS hospital, SSIMS, Davangere from January 2022 to July 2023. This study enrolled 50 patients with cutaneous warts, of whom 40 completed the treatment protocol. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 received intralesional Vitamin D3 (0.2 mL), and Group 2 received intralesional MMR vaccine (0.5 mL). Injections were repeated at regular intervals.

Results: In the MMR vaccine group, 60% of patients achieved complete response, 20% showed partial response, and 20% had no response. In the Vitamin D3 group, complete response was observed in 8.33% of patients after one or two doses, and in 41.67% of patients after three to four doses. Both groups showed resolution of distant, non-injected warts. No significant adverse effects were reported in either group.

Conclusion: It is concluded that both the intralesional MMR vaccine and Vitamin D3 are effective and safe options for the treatment of cutaneous warts. MMR vaccine produced a faster and higher clearance rate, while Vitamin D3 showed a slower, dose-dependent response. Both agents induced systemic immunity capable of clearing distant lesions, making them valuable immunotherapeutic alternatives to destructive treatments.

Keywords: Warts, Intralesional,  Vitamin D3, MMR vaccine