Background
The supratrochlear foramen (STF) is an anatomical variation located in the distal humerus, formed by the resorption of the septum between the olecranon and coronoid fossae. Its incidence, morphology, and morphometry vary among populations and carry clinical relevance in orthopedic surgeries and radiological interpretations. This study aims to analyze the incidence, shape, and morphometric characteristics of the STF in a central Indian population.

Methods
A descriptive osteological study was conducted on 127 dry, adult human humeri of unknown sex collected from the Department of Anatomy. Each bone was examined for the presence, side, and shape of STF. Measurements were taken using digital vernier calipers to determine distances from anatomical landmarks (medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and lower trochlear margin) and diameters (transverse and vertical) of the STF. In humeri without STF, septal thickness was measured and categorized as opaque or translucent. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and unpaired t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results
The STF was present in 39 out of 127 humeri (30.7%), more frequently on the left side (33.3%) than the right (28.1%). Among humeri without STF, 51.2% showed an opaque septum and 18.1% had a translucent septum. The most common STF shape was oval (41.0%), followed by round (25.6%) and reniform (12.8%). Morphometric measurements revealed mean distances of 24.8 ± 1.6 mm (right) and 25.1 ± 1.3 mm (left) from the medial epicondyle to the STF, and 4.6 ± 0.8 mm (right) and 4.4 ± 0.9 mm (left) from the lower trochlear margin. The transverse and vertical diameters of the foramen averaged 5.9–6.2 mm and 3.7–3.9 mm, respectively. Septal thickness in humeri without STF averaged 5.1 ± 0.9 mm. No statistically significant side-wise differences were found.

Conclusion
The supratrochlear foramen was present in nearly one-third of humeri in this central Indian sample, with oval being the most prevalent shape. The findings reinforce the importance of recognizing STF variants in surgical and radiological contexts and highlight the inverse relationship between septal thickness and foramen formation. These results contribute valuable regional data for anatomical and clinical reference.