Background: The non-invasive diagnostic tool known as mucoscopy enables doctors to examine and differentiate the various conditions affecting the lips & other mucosal surfaces using dermoscopic methods. The study focuses on understanding mucoscopic patterns of different lip conditions in the Indian population since current research about this field remains limited. The goal is to improve clinical diagnoses through mucoscopy while minimizing invasive tests. 

Materials and Methods: The observational research design was performed spanning one year from May 2023 until May 2024 at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The research included 164 subjects who were all at least 18 years old with lip lesions. The study obtained patient consent before professionals recorded thorough clinical histories along with patient examinations. The DermLite DL5 dermatoscope examined lip lesions under different modes that included ultraviolet, polarized, and non-polarized. The investigators utilized ice caps along with Isopropyl alcohol interface fluid during dermatoscope examination.

Results: Lip vitiligo and smoker's melanosis were diagnosed in 45 patients (27.4%) and 25 patients (15.2%) among the total 164 patients who underwent examination. Mucocele appeared in 4 patients (2.4%). Mucoscopic examination showed four main findings which were altered pigment networks with polygobular structures and blackish-gray homogenous areas with dots and vascular patterns appearing as linear and branched vessels. Examination of mucoceles revealed reddish-white structureless zones along with bleeding spots that extended throughout the tissue area. The examined patterns showed two distinct sets of findings: perifollicular hypopigmentation along with keratotic papillae that had a halo rim and both blotchy erythema and scaling occurred. 

Conclusion: Mucoscopy functions as an accessible diagnostic method to care for lip disorders and can help detect abnormalities before requiring biopsy in numerous situations. Doctors can enhance patient outcomes by detecting the distinctive patterns that indicate either vitiligo or smoker's lips or mucocele so they can provide timely medical treatment. Mucoscopy should be included as an important extra tool during normal dermatologic and oral examination practice.

Benign ethnic neutropenia is a condition characterized by a lower than normal absolute neutrophil count in individuals of certain ethnic backgrounds but is not at an increased risk of infection. It is a common cause of chronic neutropenia in people of African , Middle Eastern and West India descent. It is seen in less than 1% in the white population living in the US . Despite its prevalence, many physicians are not familiar with this benign condition, resulting in unnecessary evaluation and testing for neutropenia in otherwise healthy individuals. This article provides an overview of benign ethnic neutropenia including its clinical significance, underlying mechanisms and implications for medical practice. The discussion includes a review of relevant literature, highlighting the importance of recognising BEN to avoid unnecessary medical intervention and to ensure appropriate clinical management.

Topical Turmeric  use is widespread  for treatment of wide varieties of skin diseases including infectious pyodermas due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and wound healing  properties . This systematic review aims  to find out scientific evidence for or against use of turmeric for pyodermas in scientific databases. Surprisingly there is a lack  of scientific evidence for or against this practice. It is neither supported nor refuted by current evidence thus requiring more original research like randomized control trial to gather primary evidence.

Hair loss, or alopecia, is a prevalent dermatological condition that affects millions of people worldwide, with significant psychological and social implications. This systematic review evaluates the various causes of hair loss, including genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, autoimmune diseases, environmental factors, and nutritional deficiencies. Additionally, it explores treatment modalities ranging from pharmacological interventions, such as minoxidil and finasteride, to advanced techniques like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy and hair transplantation. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the etiology of hair loss and assess the efficacy of current treatment options based on recent clinical studies. Future research should focus on optimizing therapeutic strategies and exploring novel interventions for improving hair regrowth outcomes.

Background: Drug-induced skin reactions (DISRs) are common adverse drug reactions observed in hospitalized patients. They range from mild conditions such as rashes to severe and potentially life-threatening disorders like Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). Despite their clinical significance, data on the incidence, clinical patterns, and management of DISRs in India remains limited.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, clinical spectrum, suspected drug classes, latency period, and outcomes of drug-induced skin reactions in patients attending a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Dermatology and General Medicine departments of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 patients with suspected DISRs were enrolled based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected included demographic details, drug history, clinical examination, and diagnostic tests. Management involved immediate withdrawal of suspected drugs, symptomatic treatment, and, when necessary, intensive care for severe reactions. Follow-up was carried out until complete resolution or as required.

Results: The study included 100 patients, with a mean age of 38.6 ± 14.7 years. Maculopapular rashes (40%) were the most common clinical manifestation, followed by urticaria (25%) and fixed drug eruptions (15%). Antibiotics (35%) and NSAIDs (30%) were the most frequently implicated drug classes. The latency period for skin reactions ranged from less than 24 hours to more than a week, with 90% of patients achieving complete resolution. Severe reactions like SJS/TEN were observed in 6% of cases, leading to 2 deaths.

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant incidence of drug-induced skin reactions in a tertiary care setting, with antibiotics, NSAIDs, and anticonvulsants being the most common culprits. Early recognition and prompt cessation of the offending drug, along with appropriate symptomatic management, are crucial for positive patient outcomes. Enhanced pharmacovigilance and awareness among healthcare providers are essential for the effective management of DISRs. Further research into genetic factors contributing to these reactions is warranted.

Abstract: Background: Superficial dermatophytosis is a common fungal infection with high recurrence rates, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with 30% salicylic acid peel in superficial dermatophytosis. Methods: This interventional, prospective, follow-up study enrolled 160 patients with superficial dermatophytosis received combination therapy with 30% salicylic acid peel and luliconazole 1% cream. Results: The combination therapy group showed significant improvement in PASI score reduction (p<0.01) and faster recovery. Pruritus reduction was observed in all patients receiving therapy. Conclusion: The combination of 30% salicylic acid peel with luliconazole 1% cream in dermatophytosis, offers improved efficacy and faster recovery with minimal side effects.

Background & Methods: The aim of the study is to study Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide with or without dermaroller in alopecia areata. About 110 as per solvins formula (plus 10 patients extra due to loss of follow up) patients of clinically diagnosed alopecia areata coming to dermatology outpatient department from December 2022 to March 2023 will be divided in 2 groups based on odd and even.

Results: Pain wise comparison of study subjects in two groups results revealed that mild pain observed in all 60 subjects of group 1 whereas mild pain found in 32 subjects and moderate pain in 28 subjects of group 2 it was found statistically significant (P<0.01).

Conclusion: Alopecia areata is one of the most difficult to treat conditions and can substantially Impact patient’s quality of life if not effectively controlled. Treatment with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide with or without derma roller has nearly similar efficacy in causing regrowth of hair. Based on result of our study females suffered from alopecia areata more than males and it was more commonly seen in students and housewives. Past history or family history of hair loss was not significant. Patients had also been informed to avoid using hair color of any form throughout the study. Also, patients having systemic conditions underwent regular check-ups for the same.

Background & Methods: The aim of the study is to Study of Quality of Life using Dermatology Life Quality Index in Leprosy Patients. Personal history and history pertaining to disease was obtained and noted. Further, all the patients were subjected to physical and systemic examination and findings were documented.

Results: Mode of detection had significant impact on quality of life of patients with leprosy (p<0.05). Mode of detection was while consultation for other disease in significantly higher proportions of cases with very large effect on quality of life whereas detection by health care worker was associated with moderate effect (37.5%) on quality of life (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Leprosy was once thought to be a social ailment. Still, there remained a dearth of information about the real impact of leprosy on quality of life. This study showed that even after leprosy was declared officially eliminated in India, the disease still has a negative impact on people's quality of life. Demographics have little impact on quality of life, despite the fact that it is seen as a social disease. Instead, significant clinical factors including deformity have a significant influence on patients' quality of life. Duration of leprosy was less than 2 years in 100% cases with no effect and very large effect on quality of life, 94.1% cases with small effect and 75% cases with moderate effect. Our study documented no significant association of quality of life with that of duration of leprosy (p>0.05).

Background & Methods: The aim of the study is to comparative study of 10% KOH and glycolic acid 12% cream for treatment of molluscum contagiosum. After obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee, 184 patients of all ages and either gender with minimum 03 lesions of molluscum contagiosum were recruited to this study. Written informed consent was obtained. Details of symptoms, size of lesions, duration, site, and number of lesions was recorded on each visit.

Results: The clearance of total lesions among study subjects of two groups at various follow up intervals results revealed that at baseline to 3 weeks, <25% clearance was the most common in both groups (78.7% in Group 1 and 78.9% in Group 2). baseline to 6 weeks, 26-50% clearance was the most common in both groups (63.8% in Group 1 and 65.6% in Group 2), By 12 weeks, 51-75% clearance was the most common in both groups (51.1% in Group 1 and 57.8% in Group 2).

Conclusion: To conclude our study found that both treatments were effective in reducing the number of lesions, but glycolic acid 12% cream (GA12) was more effective in clearing larger lesions (>5mm) at 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. However, no significant differences were observed in the total number of lesions between the two groups at any follow-up interval. The most common side effect was erythema, which was more common in the GA12 group. Burning was less common and did not differ significantly between the groups

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) significantly impacts quality of life, prompting the exploration of regenerative treatments like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Growth Factor Concentrate (GFC).

Background & Methods: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Topical Steroid Dependent Facies (TSDF) for valuable insights into the frequency and extent of TSDF among individuals affected by chronic TCS misuse.

Results: Itching (70%) and redness (69.3%) were the most prevalent symptoms, followed by burning sensations (42.96%) and pigmentation issues (40.7%). Less common were acne (23.3%) and various unspecified symptoms (7.4%).

Conclusion: Predominantly affecting young adults, particularly those aged 21-30 years and predominantly women, this condition manifests primarily through itching, redness, and burning sensations, often driven by acne treatment and concerns about melasma and fairness.

Study Design: Cross sectional, observational and analytical study.

Abstract:

Background:

Chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD), are prevalent dermatological disorders characterized by persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation. While both conditions exhibit overlapping features, their molecular pathologies differ significantly. This study aims to comparatively analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying psoriasis and AD to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved the collection of skin biopsies from 50 patients diagnosed with psoriasis and 50 patients with atopic dermatitis. Control samples were obtained from 30 healthy individuals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to evaluate the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, IL-4, and IL-13) and transcription factors (NF-κB and STAT6). RNA sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patient groups and controls. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results:

Significant upregulation of IL-17 and IL-23 (p < 0.01) was observed in psoriasis samples compared to AD and controls, indicating a predominance of the Th17 pathway. Conversely, IL-4 and IL-13 expression levels were markedly elevated in AD samples (p < 0.01), confirming the Th2-dominated immune response. NF-κB activation was significantly higher in psoriasis patients (p < 0.05), while STAT6 expression was predominant in AD patients. RNA sequencing revealed 1200 DEGs in psoriasis and 900 DEGs in AD, with 350 overlapping genes showing differential regulation.

Conclusion:

The comparative analysis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis highlights distinct molecular signatures associated with Th17 and Th2 immune responses, respectively. Understanding these molecular pathways provides valuable insights for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Future studies focusing on specific biomarkers may enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy.

Background: Dermatophytosis is a type of superficial fungal infection caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton fungi. It can negatively impact the quality of life of patients. The objective of this study is to assess the quality of life of patients suffering from tinea infection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the dermatology outpatient department of tertiary care hospital, Central Gujarat over two months, including 372 patients with tinea, selected through systematic random sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data on various characteristics, and the dermatological life quality index (DLQI) was assessed. The study evaluated the association between patient characteristics and the dermatological life quality index (DLQI) using ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson's correlation test. Results: The study included 372 patients with an average DLQI score of 11.5 ± 5.35, indicating varying degrees of effect on quality of life. Among them, 2.1% had no effect, 13.1% had a small effect, 27.4% experienced a moderate effect, 52.1% experienced a very large effect, and 5.3% experienced an extremely large effect. Statistically significant differences were found in DLQI scores based on bathing frequency and location. There were also differences based on seasonal variations. Conclusion: The impact of tinea on quality of life was moderate in more than half of the participants, with hygiene practices, place of stay, and religion significantly affecting DLQI scores.

Background: Abnormal vaginal discharge is a prevalent gynecological complaint among women of reproductive age, often leading to diagnostic uncertainty. Accurate identification of causative bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility is crucial for effective management and prevention of severe complications.

Aim: This study aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the antibacterial susceptibility patterns of aerobic bacterial pathogens causing abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive-age women attending a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted from January to June 2024 at the Department of Microbiology, GMC & GGH, Ongole. A total of 100 reproductive-age women presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge were included. Two high vaginal swabs were collected from each participant for Gram staining and culture. Isolates were identified using biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results: Out of 100 participants, 73 showed culture positivity. Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 59% of isolates (E. coli 27%, Klebsiella 18%, Pseudomonas 14%), Gram-positive cocci 29% (Staphylococcus aureus 16%, Enterococcus spp. 7%, CONS 5%), and yeast (Candida species) 12%. Gram-negative isolates exhibited highest sensitivity to Meropenem (100%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (90%), and Amikacin (70-82%). Among Gram-positive isolates, Vancomycin sensitivity was 100%. S. aureus was most sensitive to Azithromycin (83%), whereas Enterococcus spp. showed complete sensitivity to Gentamicin. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was observed in 60% E. coli and 38% Klebsiella isolates. Methicillin-resistant strains constituted 33% of S. aureus and 100% of CONS isolates.

Conclusion: The study identified E. coli, Klebsiella, and S. aureus as predominant pathogens associated with abnormal vaginal discharge. High sensitivity to Meropenem and Vancomycin highlights their potential therapeutic roles. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, especially ESBL and MRSA prevalence, is essential for effective clinical management and reducing complications.

Abstract:

Background: Systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) are characterized by aberrant immune responses targeting multiple organs, including the skin. Cutaneous manifestations are often the first clinical indicators of these diseases and may aid in early diagnosis. The correlation between clinical dermatological presentations and histopathological findings is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. This study aims to evaluate the cutaneous manifestations of various SAIDs and establish their histopathological correlates. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted over a period of 2 years involving 200 patients diagnosed with systemic autoimmune diseases attending the dermatology and rheumatology outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital. Clinical examination of cutaneous lesions was performed, and biopsies were obtained from affected skin sites. Histopathological examination was carried out using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, along with immunohistochemical studies where necessary. Data were statistically analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression to determine correlations between clinical and histopathological findings. Results: Out of the 200 patients, 120 (60%) were females and 80 (40%) were males, with a mean age of 45.2 ± 13.8 years. The most common SAIDs were systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (35%), dermatomyositis (20%), and systemic sclerosis (15%). Cutaneous manifestations included erythematous plaques (40%), photosensitivity (35%), vasculitic lesions (20%), and alopecia (5%). Histopathological examination showed interface dermatitis (30%), dermal sclerosis (20%), perivascular lymphocytic infiltration (25%), and granulomatous inflammation (5%). A strong correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between clinical manifestations and histopathological findings, particularly in patients with SLE and dermatomyositis. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a significant association between cutaneous manifestations and histopathological findings in various systemic autoimmune diseases. Histopathological evaluation remains a valuable diagnostic tool for accurate disease identification and management. Further research with larger sample sizes and advanced diagnostic techniques is recommended to enhance understanding of these correlations.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that has increasingly been coupled with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of the study is to assess the connection between MetS and psoriasis severity.  Methods: The Cross-sectional research was conducted on 100 psoriasis subjects. In addition to recording metabolic parameters like fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood pressure (B.P.), lipid profile, and obesity, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to evaluate clinical severity. The relationships between MetS components and PASI scores were investigated using correlation analysis. Results: Of the 100 patients, 41% were men and 59% were women. The prevalence of MetS components was demonstrated by the following: 78% had central obesity, 89% had elevated triglycerides (T.G.), 66% had low HDL, 81% had hypertension, and 45% had impaired fasting glucose. Alcohol use and smoking were reported in 18% and 35% of cases, respectively. Nine percent suffered from severe psoriasis, sixty-nine percent from moderate psoriasis, and twenty-two percent from mild psoriasis. More metabolic abnormalities were found in moderate to severe cases. There was a negative correlation among HDL and PASI (r = -0.243, p = 0.015), while there was a high correlation between fasting glucose and PASI (r = 0.438, p < 0.001). There was a correlation between Waist circumference (W.C.) and fasting glucose, Blood pressure (B.P.), and T.G., but not with PASI. Conclusion: This study shows a robust alliance among severity of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome, with fasting glucose and HDL levels playing a major role. In order to prevent systemic complications and slow the progression of the illness, these results the consequence of early metabolic screening plus a multidisciplinary approach to psoriasis management.

Background:

Among developing countries leprosy operates as a major public health issue. Hansen's disease also carries its alternative name as Leprosy after the work of Norwegion physician Armover Hansen. The chronic bacterial infection known as leprosy develops after mycobacterium leprae infection occurs. Bacteria primarily targets the peripheral nerves together with the skin tissue. Skin bacilli infection in leprosy patients leads to dermatological symptoms while nerve infection causes nerve damage through the loss of senses combined with disability later developing into deformities. The complete progression of the condition leads to damage in multiple sections of the human body.

Methods:

Our study utilized a cross sectional approach named "Histopathological correlation of skin biopsy in leprosy: a tertiary care hospital-based study" to evaluate patients who sought outdoor skin department services in our institution. Sample size was 60.

Results: 

The results demonstrated lepromatous leprosy presented maximum correlation at 72.22% while the percentage for borderline lepromatous leprosy was 35.71%. The assessment of borderline tuberculoid leprosy showed a weak relationship with a rate of 31.25%. Borderline tuberculoid patients revealed the highest level of disagreement among the studied groups at 31.25%.

Conclusions:

The patient group aged between 14 to 68 years included most of those affected by leprosy. Laboratory L type proved to be the main form of leprosy observed among the patients. Grenz zone appeared in 8 biopsies of the patients who had received a diagnosis of LL. LR type showed the presence of lymphohistiocytic aggregates together with ILL forming granulomas and LL type. The bacterial index in LL & BL type demonstrated 5+ to 6+ while BT type and TT and IL showed 1+ and BI-0 results respectively. The clinical diagnosis of LL affected the most individuals at 30%

BACKGROUND: Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) has gained popularity as a minimally invasive hair transplantation method. This study explores advancements in FUE techniques, comparing efficacy and patient outcomes across diverse methods. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of contemporary FUE practices and their impact on patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes.

METHODS: A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 80 participants who underwent FUE procedures using varied techniques, including robotic-assisted, manual, and motorized FUE. Data were collected on operative time, graft survival rate, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction through a standardized questionnaire administered three and six months post-surgery. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and Chi-square tests for group comparisons.

RESULTS:  The Robotic-assisted FUE, manual FUE and motorized FUE have demonstrated similar results but motorized FUE is comparatively faster than the rest. The patients value the outcomes achievable with robotic-assisted FUE and are more interested to go for it even if they are required to pay more. Patient satisfaction scores were highest in the robotic-assisted group, with an average score of 4.7 out of 5. No severe adverse events were reported across techniques. All three FUE offer a safer approach for patients with regards to safety profile and hygiene effectiveness associated with each method. The graft survival rates were observed to be the same in Robotic-assisted FUE, manual and motorized techniques. Manual FUE was found to be more time consuming. In terms of the average number of grafts transplanted per procedure higher no of grafts can be taken in Motorized FUE.

CONCLUSION: This study indicates that while all the three FUE techniques demonstrated similar outcomes with respect to graft survival rates and patient safety, motorized FUE remains advantageous for reduced operative time making it potentially less invasive and resource-intensive procedure and a greater number of grafts transplanted per procedure, indicating higher procedural intensity and a better coverage provided by the technique. Robotic-assisted FUE offers higher patient interest and satisfaction. These findings suggest that FUE technique selection should consider individual patient needs and clinical settings, emphasizing personalized care in hair restoration practices.

In this case study, we reported a case of a 23-year-old female with both Darier’s disease (DD) and acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (AKV), two rare autosomal dominant skin disorders that are differentiated clinically and histopathologically but are both caused by a single gene mutation, i.e., ATP2A2 on chromosome 12, which is expressed in the skin. Patient was presented with multiple hyperpigmented lesions all over body from past 11 years. The biochemical investigations revealed to be in physiological range.  The patient was successfully managed by oral isotretinoin

Aim: Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) is a serious manifestation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation affecting the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. This study aims to highlight the varied clinical presentations, complications, and importance of early antiviral intervention in preventing long-term ocular damage.

Cases: Case 1: A 45-year-old male with early-stage HZO, presenting with mild conjunctival congestion and punctate epithelial keratitis, managed with oral antivirals and supportive therapy. Case 2: A 67-year-old female with severe HZO, corneal epithelial defects, and a high risk of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), requiring high-dose antivirals and close ophthalmic monitoring. Case 3: A 32-year-old female with mild periorbital swelling and no corneal involvement, treated with oral antivirals and symptomatic management. Case 4: A 58-year-old female with extensive necrotic lesions, corneal haziness, and vision-threatening complications, requiring hospitalization and intravenous Acyclovir.

Conclusion: HZO presents with varied severity, with older patients at higher risk for complications and chronic pain syndromes like PHN. Hutchinson’s sign serves as a crucial predictor of ocular involvement, necessitating early antiviral therapy to prevent severe outcomes. Vaccination remains an essential preventive strategy in high-risk populations. Timely intervention, multidisciplinary management, and patient education play a vital role in reducing disease morbidity and improving outcomes

Background: Diagnosis of skin disorders that exhibit interface dermatitis is challenging. Clinical examination per se can help reach in differential diagnosis but not a specific diagnosis. Histopathology is the gold standard but many lesions might have overlapping features. Clinicopathological correlation is preferred to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Objectives: The aim is to describe the histopathological patterns seen in cases of interface dermatitis. Materials and methods: A retrospective histopathological study of 360 skin biopsies with interface dermatitis was done in the Department of Pathology, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka by collecting the data from May 2015 to July 2023. Results: In the present study, the age of the patient with interface dermatitis ranged from 10 – 75 years and majority of the cases are in the age group of 35-52 years with a female predominance (52.33%). The most common cause of interface dermatitis in the present study was classic lichen planus 41%(150  cases) and its variants accounted to 33.9%.The predominant histologic feature was basal vacuolar degeneration and band like inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. The characteristic Civatte bodies were found in only 10.5% of the cases.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) significantly impacts quality of life, prompting the exploration of regenerative treatments like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Growth Factor Concentrate (GFC).

Objective: This study aims to compare the efficacy and patient satisfaction of PRP versus GFC treatments in individuals with AGA over a one-year period. Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care hospital involving 60 patients diagnosed with AGA. Participants were equally assigned to receive either PRP or GFC therapy. Treatment protocols included monthly injections for six months, followed by bi-monthly sessions. Efficacy was assessed through hair count, hair thickness measurements, and scalp health evaluations using standardized scales. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.

Result: Both PRP and GFC treatments resulted in significant improvements in hair count and thickness. PRP group showed a 35% increase in hair density compared to a 50% increase in the GFC group (p=0.03). Hair thickness improved by 30% with PRP and 45% with GFC (p=0.02). Scalp health scores enhanced by 40% in PRP and 55% in GFC (p=0.01). Patient satisfaction was higher in the GFC group, with 85% reporting satisfaction versus 70% in the PRP group (p=0.04). Additionally, regression analysis indicated that GFC treatment was a significant predictor of higher hair density improvement (β=0.45, p=0.02) after adjusting for age and baseline severity.

Conclusions: GFC therapy demonstrates superior efficacy and higher patient satisfaction compared to PRP in treating AGA, suggesting it may be a more effective regenerative treatment option for hair loss.